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Bio-Inspired Engineering 以生物為師的仿生工程
by Carrie Kellenberger


Engineers are turning to the natural world for their latest ideas.
工程師求助大自然,找尋更多創新概念。


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The first person to imagine flight was most likely inspired by the effortless elegance of birds. In fact, almost all planes flying today use wings that trace their origins back to birds. _(1)_ This branch of science is based on the study and application of naturally evolved solutions to engineering systems. The natural world is becoming a greater source of inspiration and information for the future of engineering.
  In essence, evolution is like research and development happening all around us, so engineers are learning from nature. _(2)_ To generate power, the bioWAVE mimics the swaying of sea plants on the seabed caused by the waves of the oceans. Scientists are also looking at another example from nature—the aerodynamic antics of Chrysopelea paradisi (天堂金花蛇), the flying tree snake of Asia. They suggest that this special snake could aid in the creation of more maneuverable search-and-rescue robots. _(3)_ When engineers look at how the natural world works, they are looking for a unification of engineering and physical science. _(4)_
  The number of people who are developing, encouraging, and thinking about biologically inspired designs has increased significantly over the past five years. _(5)_ There is an abundance of inspiration throughout the natural world just waiting to be discovered.

說明:請依文意在所提供的 (A) 到 (F) 6 個選項中,選出最適當的 5 個選項。


(A) Take the bioWAVE from BioPower Systems for example.
(B) The adoption of the wing for flight is just one example of bio-inspired engineering.
(C) This combination could lead to breakthroughs in technology that have both medical and non-medical benefits.
(D) Other studies have been conducted on the fluid movements of jellyfish, which scientists believe could eventually lead to better designs for medical pumps and wind turbines.
(E) Since then, the boundary between living and non-living systems has begun to strengthen.
(F) During that period, individuals studying bio-inspired engineering have been particularly interested in demonstrating how insights from the world of animals and plants might guide tomorrow's technology.



原來如此




  1. 第一題空格應選 (B)
    理由:
    a. 空格前一句提到,今日幾乎所有遨翔天際的飛機所使用的機翼(wings),它們的起源均可追溯至鳥類。
    b. 選項 (B) 的句子則說,將鳥類翅膀(the wing)應用在飛行上只是仿生工程裡的一個實例,wings 和 the wing 為同字異義的關鍵字,且前後語意連貫,故選之。
    大補丸:
    a. adoption n. 採用,採取
    : I don't recommend the adoption of this style of writing. It's too difficult for you.
    (我不推薦採用這種寫作方式。這對你而言太難了。)
    b. bio-inspired a. 仿生的;生物啟發的
    c. engineering n. 工程學
  2. 第二題空格應選 (A)
    理由:
    a. 空格前一句說工程師一直從自然界中學習,後一句則提到,海底發電器(bioWAVE)模仿海底植物受到海洋波浪影響的擺動方式來製造電力。
    b. 選項 (A) 的句子提到,以澳洲海洋能源技術公司所研發的海底發電器(bioWAVE)為例,與下一句有共同關鍵字,且前後語意連貫,故選之。
    大補丸:
    Take...for example/instance.  以……為例。
    : Everyone is underpaid. Take Anna for example. She hasn't had a raise in years.
    (大家的薪水都偏低。就拿安娜來說吧,她已經好些年沒加薪了。)
  3. 第三題空格應選 (D)
    理由:
    a. 空格前提到兩個工程師從自然界中學習的例子,推測空格會介紹別的仿生實例。
    b. 選項 (D) 的句子提到,還有其他針對水母流暢的移動動作所進行的研究(Other studies),符合推測,且前後語意連貫,故選之。
    大補丸:
    a. conduct vt. 執行;實施
    : The experiment was conducted by scientists in Los Angeles.
    (這項實驗由洛杉磯的科學家所執行。)
    b. fluid a.(動作)優美流暢的
    c. jellyfish n. 水母
    d. eventually adv. 最後,終於
    : James kept violating the school rules and was eventually kicked out.
    (詹姆斯不斷違反校規,最後終於被退學了。)
    e. pump n. 唧筒,幫浦
    f. turbine n. 渦輪機
  4. 第四題空格應選 (C)
    理由:
    a. 空格前一句說到,工程師在尋求工程學和自然科學的統一(unification)。
    b. 選項 (C) 的句子以 This combination(這種結合)為開頭,呼應前一句的 unification,說明工程學和自然科學統一所能產生的益處,語意連貫,故選之。
    大補丸:
    a. combination n. 結合(體)
    b. breakthrough n. 突破
    : The medical breakthrough hit the headlines around the world.
    (那項醫學上的突破登上全世界的頭條。)
  5. 第五題空格應選 (F)
    理由:
    a. 空格前一句提到,過去 5 年來,研發、促進與思考生物啟發性設計的人數大幅增加。
    b. 選項 (F) 的句子以 During that period(在那段時期)為開頭,即指其前所提的 over the past five years(過去 5 年來),為本題的關鍵詞,且前後語意連貫,故選之。
    大補丸:
    a. individual n. 個人
    b. particularly adv. 尤其,特別
    : Sophie is an outstanding student. She is particularly good at geometry.
    (蘇菲是個傑出的學生。她的幾何尤其好。)
    c. demonstrate vt. 說明;展示
    : The science teacher demonstrated the experiment to his students.
    (理化老師示範實驗給學生看。)
    d. insight n. 洞察力,見識(其後常與介詞 into 並用)
    : History gives insight into present-day politics.
    (歷史可讓我們洞察當今的政治。)

精解字詞片語




  1. trace sth back to...  追溯某事物的起源至……
    : We can trace the origin of this custom back to the mid-1800s.
    (這項習俗的起源可追溯至 19 世紀中期。)
  2. evolve vi. 進化;(逐漸)發展
    : Over time, the computer industry will evolve to include all aspects of our lives.
    (假以時日,電腦業的發展將會涵蓋我們所有的生活層面。)
  3. in essence  基本上;本質上
    essence n. 本質,實質
    : This book is in essence a tribute to the people who died during the conflict.
    (這本書基本上是獻給在那次衝突中喪生的人。)
  4. generate vt. 產生(熱、電、光等)
    : Harry tried to generate heat by rubbing two pieces of wood together.
    (哈利試圖摩擦兩片木材來生熱。)
  5. mimic vt. 模仿
    : The comedian is known for mimicking the voices of several celebrities.
    (那名喜劇演員以模仿多位名人的聲音而聞名。)
  6. maneuverable a. 容易操控的
    maneuver vi. 巧妙地移動;繞來繞去
    : The motorcyclist managed to maneuver around the stalled bus.
    (那個摩托車騎士設法繞過拋錨的公車。)
  7. abundance n. 豐富;大量
    : The shop offers an abundance of handmade goods.
    (這家店有一大堆手工製品。)

單字小舖




  1. effortless a. 輕鬆的,不費力的
  2. application n. 應用
  3. evolution n. 演化,進化
  4. sway vi. 擺動,搖擺
  5. aerodynamic a. 流線型的;空氣動力學的
  6. antics n. 古怪或可笑的舉動(恆用複數)
  7. robot n. 機器人
  8. unification n. 統一,一致
  9. biologically adv. 生物上地
  10. significantly adv. 大大地;重大地

中文翻譯


 第一個想像飛行的人很可能是從鳥兒輕鬆的優雅姿態獲得啟發。事實上,今日幾乎所有遨翔天際的飛機所使用的機翼,它們的起源均可追溯至鳥類。將鳥類翅膀應用在飛行上只是仿生工程裡的一個實例。將自然演化的解決之道運用在工程系統上,此種研究和應用即是該門科學的基礎所在。對於工程界的未來,自然世界儼然成為一個更重要的靈感和資訊來源。
  基本上,演化就如同發生在我們生活周遭的研究和發展一樣,因此工程師一直從自然界中學習。以澳洲海洋能源技術公司(BioPower Systems)所研發的海底發電器(bioWAVE)為例,它模仿海底植物受到海洋波浪影響的擺動方式來製造電力。科學家也在觀察另一個來自大自然的範例――『天堂金花蛇』這種亞洲飛天樹蛇在空中擺動身體的奇特行為。他們表示這種特殊的蛇類可有助於創造操控性更強的搜救機器人。還有其他針對水母流暢的移動動作所進行的研究,科學家認為這些研究終能引導出醫用唧筒和風力渦輪發電機的較佳設計。工程師在觀察自然世界如何運作的同時,也在尋求工程學和自然科學的統一。此種結合能促成科技上的突破,在醫療與非醫療兩方面均能有所助益。
  過去 5 年來,研發、促進與思考生物啟發性設計的人數大幅增加。在此期間,展現如何從動植物世界的洞察引領明日科技,研究仿生工程的人對此特別感興趣。還有很多遍及自然世界的靈感正等著人們去發掘。

答案: 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (F)
 


引用自:長春藤英語  http://www.ivy.com.tw/
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